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Research Methodology and Special Skills
This course will enable students to understand and known research methodology, statistical methods, errors in observation & calculations and numerical methods
- Research: Meaning, definition, methodology, research process, criterion of good research
- Objectives of research and role of research method in fabric and apparel science
- Types of Research: Qualitative and quantitative research, historical, survey, ex post facto, field study, intervention study, experimental, case study, social research, longitudinal and cross sectional studies etc
- Research design - Meaning, concepts, need, designs for different types of research; library, laboratory and field research; advantages of designing research
- Research problem and developing research proposal: Selection of research area and topic, statement of the research problem, its scope, steps involved in defining the problem. Literature Search: Reviewing related literature, referencing, abstracting, computer search, bibliography, evaluation of the problem.
- Defining concepts, objectives, basic assumptions, delimitations and limitations of the problem, statement of hypothesis.
- Variables: Independent and dependent variables, qualitative and quantitative variables, discrete and continuous variables, confounding variables, methods of controlling variables. Measurement of variables.
- Sampling: Meaning, characteristics of a good sample design, steps in sampling design, types, advantages
- Techniques of data collection: Primary data; Questionnaire, schedules, interview observation & other methods. Secondary data: reliability, suitability & adequacy of data.
- Processing and analysis of data: Processing operations: Editing & coding, classification and tabulation of data, elements of data analysis, role of statistics in data analysis. Statistical tables
- Report writing: Types, format
- Introduction to statistics- Descriptive and inferential statistics
- Basic principles of statistical procedures- Measurements, analysis and interpretation
- Measurement and computation: quality and quantity
- Scales of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Reliability, validity, specificity and sensitivity of tools
- Descriptive statistics: central tendencies: mean, mode, median. Variability, range, semi-interquartile range, standard deviation and variance
- Application and uses of descriptive statistics
- Organization and presentation of data: coding and tabulation, frequency distribution, graphic representation: graphs diagram and charts
- Characteristics of a distribution: skewness and kurtosis
- Percentages and frequencies, uses and applications: percentile ranks
- Statistical tests-Probability and normal distribution: basic principles and applications of probability
- Testing hypotheses, level of significance and estimations
- Errors of estimation: type 1, type 2
- Sampling theory, method and errors
- Z scores and its uses
- Parametric tests of difference: T and ANOVA, post-hoc analysis of significance.
- Parametric tests of association: Pearson’s r
- Non- parametric tests of difference: Mann- Whitney, sign, median and Kruskal- Wallis
- Non- parametric tests of association: Spearman’s r
- Chi- square test
- Regression and prediction
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