-Open end spinning: rotor,
-Twistless spinning
1. Gupta Sen: Weaving Calculation, D.B. Taraporawala Sons & Co. Private Ltd., Bombay.
2. Tortora, Phyllis G. Understanding Textile, McMillan Publishing & New York
3. Kadolph.J.S & Langford.L.A., Textiles,VIII ed.,1998,Prentice Hall, New Jersey
4. Marjory, L.Joseph: Introductory Textile Science V edition, Holt and Winston
5. Corbman, B: – Fiber to Fabric,TMH Co. Ltd.